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Exercise 20: Participles

Exercise 20: Participles

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The participles are parts of the verb which (like adjectives) describe particular nouns. There are three:

1. Present (amans monens regens audiens; declined like ingens, Kennedy #74)
2. Past (amatus monitus rectus auditus; take 4th main part, remove -um and put on the endings of bonus bona bonum, Kennedy #71)
3. Future (amaturus moniturus recturus auditurus; take 4th main part, remove -um and insert -ur — and then -us, -a, -um (i.e. the same endings as the adjective bonus bona bonum)

 

a) WHATEVER TENSE THE MAIN VERB IS IN:

The present participle is used for actions (&c) AT THE SAME TIME as the main verb.
The past participle is used for actions (&c) occurring BEFORE the main verb.
The future participle is for actions (&c) due to happen after the main verb.

b)

PRESENT PARTICIPLES ARE ACTIVE (‘somethinging’)
FUTURE PARTICIPLES ARE ACTIVE (‘about to something’)
PAST PARTICIPLES ARE PASSIVE (‘having been somethinged’) unless they are from deponent verbs (e.g. proficiscor, I set out; active in meaning, but passive in form)

c) ALL participles must agree with their subject in NUMBER CASE and GENDER

 

EXAMPLES

currentes in silvam, agricolas vidimus.
Running into the woods, we saw the farmers.

discessura Cleopatra multa dixit
About to leave, Cleopatra said many things.

monitae a matribus puellae domum ibant.
Having been advised by their mothers the girls went home / Advised by their mothers the girls went home.

 

Please attempt all questions.

1. 

Make the future participle (genitive singular masculine) of habeo habere:

2. 

Make the future participle (nominative plural feminine) of condo condere:

3. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: habui gladium fractum.

4. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: audio Gallos captos.

5. 

Using the verbs in brackets, insert the correct form of the past participle in the gaps: Cicero rogavit servos saevis de militibus. (terreo)

6. 

Make the future participle (ablative singular neuter) of amo amare:

7. 

Make the future participle (nominative singular masculine) of lego legere:

8. 

Make the present participle (nominative singular masculine) of lego legere:

9. 

Make the present participle (dative plural feminine) of condo condere:

10. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: videbo pontem fractum.

11. 

Make the present participle (nominative singular masculine) of dormio dormire:

12. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: audio canem inventum.

13. 

Make the future participle (nominative singular masculine) of moneo monere:

14. 

Make the present participle (nominative singular masculine) of maneo manere:

15. 

Make the present participle (nominative plural feminine) of appropinquo appropinquare:

16. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: rogabo puerum monitum.

17. 

Make the future participle (genitive singular feminine) of audio audire:

18. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: punivi nautas captos.

19. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: inveni milites ductos.

20. 

Make the future participle (nominative plural feminine) of dormio dormire: