Introductory Latin: Participles

Exercise 20: PARTICIPLES

The participles are parts of the verb which (like adjectives) describe particular nouns. There are three:

1. Present (amans monens regens audiens; declined like ingens, Kennedy #74)
2. Past (amatus monitus rectus auditus; take 4th main part, remove –um and put on the endings of bonus bona bonum, Kennedy #71)
3. Future (amaturus moniturus recturus auditurus; take 4th main part, remove –um and insert  –ur — and then –us, –a, –um (i.e. the same endings as the adjective bonus bona bonum)

 

a) WHATEVER TENSE THE MAIN VERB IS IN:

The present participle is used for actions (&c) AT THE SAME TIME as the main verb.
The past participle is used for actions (&c) occurring BEFORE the main verb.
The future participle is for actions (&c) due to happen after the main verb.

b)

PRESENT PARTICIPLES ARE ACTIVE (‘somethinging’)
FUTURE PARTICIPLES ARE ACTIVE (‘about to something’)
PAST PARTICIPLES ARE PASSIVE (‘having been somethinged’) unless they are from deponent verbs (e.g. proficiscor, I set out; active in meaning, but passive in form)

c) ALL participles must agree with their subject in NUMBER CASE and GENDER

EXAMPLES

currentes in silvam, agricolas vidimus.
Running into the woods, we saw the farmers.

discessura Cleopatra multa dixit
About to leave, Cleopatra said many things.

monitae a matribus puellae domum ibant.
Having been advised by their mothers the girls went home / Advised by their mothers the girls went home.

 

The participles are parts of the verb which (like adjectives) describe particular nouns. There are three:

1. Present (amans monens regens audiens; declined like ingens, Kennedy #74)
2. Past (amatus monitus rectus auditus; take 4th main part, remove -um and put on the endings of bonus bona bonum, Kennedy #71)
3. Future (amaturus moniturus recturus auditurus; take 4th main part, remove -um and insert -ur — and then -us, -a, -um (i.e. the same endings as the adjective bonus bona bonum)

 

a) WHATEVER TENSE THE MAIN VERB IS IN:

The present participle is used for actions (&c) AT THE SAME TIME as the main verb.
The past participle is used for actions (&c) occurring BEFORE the main verb.
The future participle is for actions (&c) due to happen after the main verb.

b)

PRESENT PARTICIPLES ARE ACTIVE (‘somethinging’)
FUTURE PARTICIPLES ARE ACTIVE (‘about to something’)
PAST PARTICIPLES ARE PASSIVE (‘having been somethinged’) unless they are from deponent verbs (e.g. proficiscor, I set out; active in meaning, but passive in form)

c) ALL participles must agree with their subject in NUMBER CASE and GENDER

 

EXAMPLES

currentes in silvam, agricolas vidimus.
Running into the woods, we saw the farmers.

discessura Cleopatra multa dixit
About to leave, Cleopatra said many things.

monitae a matribus puellae domum ibant.
Having been advised by their mothers the girls went home / Advised by their mothers the girls went home.

 

Please attempt all questions.

1. 

Make the future participle (nominative plural feminine) of dormio dormire:

2. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: rogabo puerum monitum.

3. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: inveni milites ductos.

4. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: habui gladium fractum.

5. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: videbo pontem fractum.

6. 

Using the verbs in brackets, insert the correct form of the past participle in the gaps: nautas videbo ... . (moneo)

7. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: vidi servos adiuvatos.

8. 

Make the present participle (ablative singular neuter) of habeo habere:

9. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: audio canem inventum.

10. 

Make the present participle (genitive plural feminine) of audio audire:

11. 

Using the verbs in brackets, insert the correct form of the past participle in the gaps: servi ex urbe cucurrerunt. (capio)

12. 

Using the verbs in brackets, insert the correct form of the past participle in the gaps: Cicero rogavit servos saevis de militibus. (terreo)

13. 

Make the present participle (nominative singular masculine) of amo amare:

14. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: amabam reginam necatam.

15. 

Make the future participle (nominative singular masculine) of lego legere:

16. 

Using the verbs in brackets, insert the correct form of the past participle in the gaps: nautam in ponte necabitis. (frango)

17. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: punivi nautas captos.

18. 

Make the present participle (nominative singular masculine) of maneo manere:

19. 

Make the future participle (genitive singular feminine) of audio audire:

20. 

Make the present participle (nominative singular masculine) of lego legere: