Introductory Latin: Participles

Exercise 20: PARTICIPLES

The participles are parts of the verb which (like adjectives) describe particular nouns. There are three:

1. Present (amans monens regens audiens; declined like ingens, Kennedy #74)
2. Past (amatus monitus rectus auditus; take 4th main part, remove –um and put on the endings of bonus bona bonum, Kennedy #71)
3. Future (amaturus moniturus recturus auditurus; take 4th main part, remove –um and insert  –ur — and then –us, –a, –um (i.e. the same endings as the adjective bonus bona bonum)

 

a) WHATEVER TENSE THE MAIN VERB IS IN:

The present participle is used for actions (&c) AT THE SAME TIME as the main verb.
The past participle is used for actions (&c) occurring BEFORE the main verb.
The future participle is for actions (&c) due to happen after the main verb.

b)

PRESENT PARTICIPLES ARE ACTIVE (‘somethinging’)
FUTURE PARTICIPLES ARE ACTIVE (‘about to something’)
PAST PARTICIPLES ARE PASSIVE (‘having been somethinged’) unless they are from deponent verbs (e.g. proficiscor, I set out; active in meaning, but passive in form)

c) ALL participles must agree with their subject in NUMBER CASE and GENDER

EXAMPLES

currentes in silvam, agricolas vidimus.
Running into the woods, we saw the farmers.

discessura Cleopatra multa dixit
About to leave, Cleopatra said many things.

monitae a matribus puellae domum ibant.
Having been advised by their mothers the girls went home / Advised by their mothers the girls went home.

 

The participles are parts of the verb which (like adjectives) describe particular nouns. There are three:

1. Present (amans monens regens audiens; declined like ingens, Kennedy #74)
2. Past (amatus monitus rectus auditus; take 4th main part, remove -um and put on the endings of bonus bona bonum, Kennedy #71)
3. Future (amaturus moniturus recturus auditurus; take 4th main part, remove -um and insert -ur — and then -us, -a, -um (i.e. the same endings as the adjective bonus bona bonum)

 

a) WHATEVER TENSE THE MAIN VERB IS IN:

The present participle is used for actions (&c) AT THE SAME TIME as the main verb.
The past participle is used for actions (&c) occurring BEFORE the main verb.
The future participle is for actions (&c) due to happen after the main verb.

b)

PRESENT PARTICIPLES ARE ACTIVE (‘somethinging’)
FUTURE PARTICIPLES ARE ACTIVE (‘about to something’)
PAST PARTICIPLES ARE PASSIVE (‘having been somethinged’) unless they are from deponent verbs (e.g. proficiscor, I set out; active in meaning, but passive in form)

c) ALL participles must agree with their subject in NUMBER CASE and GENDER

 

EXAMPLES

currentes in silvam, agricolas vidimus.
Running into the woods, we saw the farmers.

discessura Cleopatra multa dixit
About to leave, Cleopatra said many things.

monitae a matribus puellae domum ibant.
Having been advised by their mothers the girls went home / Advised by their mothers the girls went home.

 

Please attempt all questions.

1. 

Make the future participle (nominative singular masculine) of lego legere:

2. 

Using the verbs in brackets, insert the correct form of the past participle in the gaps: Cicero rogavit servos saevis de militibus. (terreo)

3. 

Using the verbs in brackets, insert the correct form of the past participle in the gaps: agricolas in urbem ducunt milites. (deleo)

4. 

Make the present participle (ablative singular neuter) of habeo habere:

5. 

Using the verbs in brackets, insert the correct form of the past participle in the gaps: servi ex urbe cucurrerunt. (capio)

6. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: inveni milites ductos.

7. 

Make the future participle (genitive singular masculine) of habeo habere:

8. 

Make the present participle (genitive plural feminine) of audio audire:

9. 

Turn the italicised words/phrases into the singular: nautas morientes videbat Caesar.

10. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: punivi nautas captos.

11. 

Make the present participle (nominative singular masculine) of maneo manere:

12. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: vidi servos adiuvatos.

13. 

Make the present participle (nominative plural feminine) of appropinquo appropinquare:

14. 

Make the present participle (nominative singular masculine) of dormio dormire:

15. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: audio canem inventum.

16. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: inveniam feminas auditas.

17. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: rogabo puerum monitum.

18. 

Make the future participle (nominative plural neuter) of appropinquo appropinquare:

19. 

Turn the italicised words/phrases into the singular: nocte Cicero Gallos currentes vidit.

20. 

Translate the Latin participles/participle-phrases in the following sentences as English relative clauses: audio Gallos captos.