Exercise 25: Demonstrative Pronouns
is ea id; hic haec hoc; ille illa illud (all at Kennedy #94)
Look at the layout of these three words at Kennedy #94. They can all be translated as follows:
| masc. sing. | fem. sing. | neut. sing. | masc. pl. | fem. pl. | neut. pl. | |
| nom. | he | she | it | they | they | they |
| acc. | him | her | it | they | they | they |
| gen. | his/of him | her/of her | its/of it | their | their | their |
| dat. | to him | to her | to it | to them | to them | to them |
| abl. | * | * | with it | * | * | with them |
*usually after a preposition taking the ablative (cum = with, de = about etc)
UNLESS:
a) For contrast. If both hic and ille are in the same or consecutive sentences. Then translate hic as ‘This [man/ship/whatever]’ (‘these’ in the plural), and ille as ‘That [man/ship/etc]’ (‘those’ in the plural).
b) Hic or ille is in agreement with and set before a noun. Then translate hic x as ‘This x’ and ille x as ‘That x’.
c) One of the three words (is; hic; ille) is used in the masculine or feminine, but only because the noun it refers to is masculine or feminine, e.g. pons (masc) … hic/hunc etc (masc) = ‘The bridge … IT … ’
d) When is ea id is used to warn the reader that a clause (often a relative clause) is coming:
vidi eum militem qui in silvas cucurrit = I saw the soldier who ran into the woods.
vidi eam de qua audiveram = I saw the woman/her (whom) I had heard about.
